{"id":803,"date":"2012-08-09T18:08:38","date_gmt":"2012-08-09T18:08:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vtjuryinstructions.org\/?page_id=803"},"modified":"2023-01-18T17:15:46","modified_gmt":"2023-01-18T17:15:46","slug":"aggravated-sexual-assault","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vtjuryinstructions.org\/?page_id=803","title":{"rendered":"Aggravated Sexual Assault"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>CR27-411.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtjuryinstructions.org\/criminal\/MS27-411.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Serious bodily injury<\/a>, 13 V.S.A. \u00a7 3253(a)(1) (06\/15\/15)<\/li>\n<li>CR27-421.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtjuryinstructions.org\/criminal\/MS27-421.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Joined by others<\/a>, 13 V.S.A. \u00a7 3253(a)(2) (06\/24\/03)<\/li>\n<li>CR27-431.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtjuryinstructions.org\/criminal\/MS27-431.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">With kidnapping<\/a>, 13 V.S.A. \u00a7 3253(a)(3) (06\/24\/03)<\/li>\n<li>CR27-441.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtjuryinstructions.org\/criminal\/MS27-441.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Previous conviction<\/a>, 13 V.S.A. \u00a7 3253(a)(4) (03\/03\/06)<\/li>\n<li>CR27-451.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtjuryinstructions.org\/criminal\/MS27-451.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">With deadly weapon<\/a>, 13 V.S.A. \u00a7 3253(a)(5) (06\/24\/03)<\/li>\n<li>CR27-461.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtjuryinstructions.org\/criminal\/MS27-461.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Threatened serious bodily injury<\/a>, 13 V.S.A. \u00a7 3253(a)(6) (06\/15\/15)<\/li>\n<li>CR27-471.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtjuryinstructions.org\/criminal\/MS27-471.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Applied deadly force<\/a>, 13 V.S.A. \u00a7 3253(a)(7) (06\/15\/15)<\/li>\n<li>CR27-481.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtjuryinstructions.org\/criminal\/MS27-481.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Defendant over 18, victim under 13<\/a>, 13 V.S.A. \u00a7 3253(a)(8) (05\/01\/08)<\/li>\n<li>CR27-491.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtjuryinstructions.org\/criminal\/MS27-491.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Repeated nonconsensual acts<\/a>, 13 V.S.A. \u00a7 3253(a)(9) (03\/30\/07)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Reporter&#8217;s Note<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Sexual Act.<\/strong> Where the State\u2019s information specifies the type of sexual act alleged, the trial court should use the term \u201cthe alleged sexual act\u201d rather than \u201ca sexual act\u201d when instructing the jury on the essential elements. <u>State v. Stephens<\/u>, 2020 VT 87, \u00b6 19, 213 Vt. 253. Additionally, to avoid juror confusion, the court should instruct on the specific sexual act charged, rather than identifying all the statutorily defined types of sexual acts when explaining the elements of sexual assault. <u>Id<\/u>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>CR27-411, -461, -471: Serious Bodily Injury.<\/strong> The revised definition of \u201cserious bodily injury,\u201d derived from 13 V.S.A. \u00a7 1021(2), reflects the legislative determination that strangulation constitutes serious bodily injury. Because the statute\u2019s structure sets out Subsections 1021(2)(A) and (2)(B) as separate, alternative definitions, the updated instruction includes brackets to indicate that the entire definition may not be appropriate in all cases. For instance, where no evidence of strangulation is presented, there is no reason to instruct the jury on the definition of strangulation as provided in Subsection (2)(B). Conversely, in cases where the only evidence is of strangulation, there is no reason to instruct the jury on the definition in Subsection (2)(A) or, for that matter, the definition of \u201cbodily injury.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Committee recognizes that some cases might present evidence of both types of serious bodily injury (strangulation and non-strangulation). In those cases, it may be appropriate to instruct the jury on the entire statutory definition, and the jury would likely have to reach a unanimous decision as to either Subsection (2)(A) or (2)(B). Unlike the three \u201cascending mental states\u201d for second degree murder, which are applied as a hierarchy, see <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">State v. Boglioli<\/span>, 2011 VT 60, \u00b6\u00b6\u00a011\u201312, 190 Vt. 542; <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">State v. Bolio<\/span>, 159 Vt. 250, 253-54 (1992), the two definitions of serious bodily injury are presented as alternatives where one does not necessarily subsume the other.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In cases involving evidence of strangulation, the state may proceed either upon a theory that the defendant recklessly caused serious bodily injury to the victim or that the defendant intentionally strangled the victim by intentionally impeding normal breathing or circulation of blood by applying pressure on the throat or neck or by blocking the nose or mouth of another person.\u00a0 As suggested in <u>State v. Carter<\/u>, 2017 VT 32, \u00b6 16, 204 Vt. 383, the state should elect between those two options, and the instructions should not blend or commingle the two separate definitions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>CR27-421 (\u201cJoined by Others\u201d)<\/strong>. <em>See<\/em>\u00a0<u>State v. Wilder &amp; Campbell<\/u>, 2010 VT 17, 187 Vt. 383.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CR27-411.\u00a0 Serious bodily injury, 13 V.S.A. \u00a7 3253(a)(1) (06\/15\/15) CR27-421.\u00a0 Joined by others, 13 V.S.A. \u00a7 3253(a)(2) (06\/24\/03) CR27-431.\u00a0 With kidnapping, 13 V.S.A. \u00a7 3253(a)(3) (06\/24\/03) CR27-441.\u00a0 Previous conviction, 13 V.S.A. \u00a7 3253(a)(4) (03\/03\/06) CR27-451.\u00a0 With deadly weapon, 13 V.S.A. &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/vtjuryinstructions.org\/?page_id=803\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":458,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-803","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vtjuryinstructions.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/803","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vtjuryinstructions.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vtjuryinstructions.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vtjuryinstructions.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vtjuryinstructions.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=803"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/vtjuryinstructions.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/803\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1675,"href":"https:\/\/vtjuryinstructions.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/803\/revisions\/1675"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vtjuryinstructions.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/458"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vtjuryinstructions.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}